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J. M. HOLLAND.

ROAD GRADER.

No. 484,428.v Patented Oct. 18, 1892.

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ROAD GRADBR.

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180,484,428. Patented Oct. 18, 1892.

m w ma M @WHY/wacom UNTTED STATES PATENT FFICE@ JAMES M. HOLLAND, OF MOUNT PLEASANT, IOWA, ASSIGNOR TO THE MOUNT PLEASANT ROAD GRADER COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ROAD-GRADER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,428, dated October 18, 1892.

Application led September 7, 1891. Serial No. 404,996. (No model.)

T @ZZ whom, it may concern: Y taching the same to the blade. Fig. 5 is a Be it known that I, JAMES M. HOLLAND, a longitudinal section through the locking-cog.

citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Fig. 6 is a perspective of the same in detail, Pleasant, in the county of I-Ienry and State of together with the locking-lever and blade- 5 Iowa, have invented a new and useful Road elevating lever. Fig. 7 is a transverse section Grader or Scraper, of which the following is through the cog locking-lever. Fig. 8 is a dea specification. tail View of the clevis.

This invention relates to improvements in Like numerals of reference indicate like road-graders, and has special reference to an parts in all the figures of the drawings. 6o 1o improvement upon PatentNo.Li42,97 5, granted 1 designates the side sills of the frame,

me December 16, 1890. which sills, as shown, are formed of angle- Heretoforea great objection to road graders iron and are arranged in pairs. or Scrapers has resided in the difficulty expe- 2 designates the front cross-sill, and 3 the rienced in preventing the machines from rear cross-sill, the whole constituting a recti 5 driftin g or sliding sidewise, such being caused angular framework. The front sills rest upon by the side pressure or resistance offered by the bolster or head-block fi, through which the dirt being removed and directed against and the axle 5 of said sill is passed the clevisthe inclined scraping-blade. Difficulty has bolt 7, to which is attached loosely the E- also been experienced in reducing the inner shaped clevis S. The rear bolster 9 is bolted 7o 2o edges of the trenches formed at the sides of to the sills and at its lower edge is provided newly-scraped roads, such reduction, asis with a bearing 10 the entire length of the well known, being for the purpose of roundbolster, and in said bearing is mounted a ing off the bed of the road and directing this pair of axle-sections' 11, made adjustable by surplus of dirt to the center of the road-bed. means of set-screws 12, each of said axle-sec- 2 5 During this reduction7 by reason of one side tions carrying the usual ground-Wheel 13.

y or pair of the Wheels necessarily traveling By the employment of the extensible aXleI along the inner inclined surface of the trench, am enabled to extend or separate to a greater it took but little force or resistance upon the degree the Wheels of the grader, and in so dopart of the dirt to start the machine and slide ing I can adapt the machine for straddling 8o 3o it sidewise and otherwise down the trench. ditches and filling the same. Furthermore,

Various devices and arrangements to overas heretofore mentioned,the machine is therecome the above objections have been heretoby adapted for reducing the shoulders at the fore employed, all of which werefound to be inner edges of freshly-cut roads, so that the more or less inefficient, costly, and unnecesresistance offered tothe blade of the machine 8 5 3 5 sarily clumsy. cannot increase the already-existing tendency The objects of my present invention are upon the part of the machine to travel down therefore to obviate the above-enumerated the inclined side of the trench; but, to the disadvantages and objections and to overcome contrary, said wheels may travel upon fiat them in a positive efficient manner and by a surfaces and the machine operatein the same 9o o cheap and simply-constructed arrangement. manner as when working at the center of a With the above objects in view the invenroad.

tion consists in certain features of construc- In a bolster 14E in the rear end of the mation hereinafter specified, and particularly chine there is pivoted at 15 the draft-bar 16,

pointed out in the claims. said draft-bar being bifurcated the maj or por- 45 Referring to the drawings, Figure lisa tion of its length toward its front end and plan of a road-scraper constructed in accordconnected at said bifurcated diverged end by ance with my invention and embodying my means of a curved plate 17, the inner edge of improvements. Fig. 2 is atransverse section which is notched at intervals, any one of the of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation. Fig. notches being adapted for engagement with roo 5o 4 is a detail in perspective of the scraperthe E- shaped clevisof thefront bolster. Ex-

blade, the draft-bar, and the means for attending under the diverging bifurcations at the frontend of the draft-bar and parallel with said bifurcations is a pair of guide-rods 19 and immediately in rear ot' the juncture of the bifurcations depends from the draftbar a bracket 20.

21 designates the scraper-blade, and the same is provided near its ends and at its center with brackets 22, the ends of which are vertically oppositely perforated. The central bracket loosely receives the depending bracket 20, whereby said blade is centrally pivoted in position upon the draft-bar. Draftarms 23 are loosely connected at their front ends to the guide-rods 19, and at their rear ends are pivoted to the end brackets by means of reduced bearing portions 24.

- In operating the scraper the resistance of the dirt, as is well known and as heretofore stated acting against the scraping-blade causes the machine to drift to the opposite side, so that it becomes necessary to provide some steadying means. In this connection and to meet this requirement I have provided the laterally-adjustable hitch or connection between the front bolster at the line of draft and the draftbar, so that, as will hereinafter be apparent, by changing the line of draft or point of connection `between the front end of the draft-bar and the clevis I am enabled to exert the strength of the team or other power operating the grader to overcome the resistance of the dirt and consequent tendency upon the part of the machine to deflect or drift. Taking the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1, it will be obvious that the machine, scraping at the left, so as to deflect the dirt inl that direction, will be forced to the opposite direction, or right, and the hind wheels will have a tendency to slide to the right. Now by changing the line of draft to the left-that is, engaging one of the left notches to connection with the clevis--it will be apparent that the line of draft will be thrown to the left, and consequently will be exerted against the resistance of the dirt, and, being the stronger, will overcome such resistance, and thus the machine will travel in a straight line. It will be obvious that the means employed, while extremely simple and cheap is positive and sure in its action, and the objectionable .features are thereby overcome.

Upon each pair of side sills there is mounted for sliding a plate 25, which plate has its edges upturned to form sill-em bracing Ilan ges 26. Bearings 27 are formed upon the opposite edges of the plates, and in each pair of bearings a shaft `29 is mounted for rotation. Each shaft 29 has one end squared to receive a crank-arm 30, the free end of which is bifurcated to receive the upper end of a link or connecting-bar 35, the lower end of the bar being connected to the rear part of the draftbar 23, as at 36". Upon each of the, shafts a locking-wheel 36 is mounted, said Wheel being provided with peripheral notches 37 and with a central peripheral groove 38. This groove is embraced by means of a U-shaped friction-band 39, the terminals of which are threaded and passed through perforations 40, formed in the movable plates. Below the plates the terminals have nuts 41 mounted thereon, which nuts may` be operated to clamp the band upon the wheel to any desired degree.

4ln designates a locking-wheel-operating lever, and the same is provided with bifurcations 44 at its lower end, each of said bifurcations having an elongated slot or loop 45 formed therein. The bifurcations embrace loosely the locking-wheel, the shaft of which passes through the elongated loops. At the inner ends of the bifurcations the lever is provided with a pair of opposite shoulders 46, which may be brought into engagement with the notches of the wheel by pushing the lever toward the shaft or may be disengaged from said notches by drawing the lever away from the shaft.

The blade-operating levers are necessarily powerful, and consequently their short ends must be extremely short, in order to lend leverage of sufficient length to their longer ends, so that there has heretofore existed a diiiculty in elevating the point of the scraper sufficiently to pass over obstructions calculated to impair it by contact, and hence clumsy devices-such as gearing, and other means for elevating beyond the limit of the leverhave been employed. Such devices were not only costly and clumsy, but slow in their operations, and it was necessary oftentimes either to stop the machine entirely previous to their operation or to begin such operation some distance in advance of the arrival of the machine at the obstacle. It will, however, at once be obvious that by means of the wheeloperating lever said wheel may be partially rotated and will be held in any of its positions by means of the friction-band, and asubsequent movement or operation of the bladeoperating lever will be quite sufficient to pass the blade over any ordinary obstacle.

From the above description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it will be obvious that I have provided a 'cheap and simple means for overcoming objections existing in road-machines of the present day, and although I have herein shown' and described such improvements as applied to machines invented by myself, yet it will be obvious that with few, if any, modifications said improvements may be readily adapted and applicable to most of the ordinary styles and constructions of scraping-machines now upon the market.

I will also herein state that I do not limit my invention to the exact details of construction and means of accomplishing the advantageous results enumerated, but may in some instances conclude to vary the same and yet be within the scope of my invention.

One of the greatest difficulties with roadmachines heretofore has been their tendency to move sidewise while being operated, on ac- IOO IIO

count of the blade being carried forward on an angle to the line ofdraft. In other words, they are like aplow without a landside. Now, to overcome this objection many devices have been tried and used, such as fixing rudders to the hind end of the machine to hold it in line, setting the hind wheels obliquely to the line of draft, throwing the Wheels outof perpendicular and leaning them to one side, afixing spuds to the rim of the wheels, and various other devices for preventing side movement. I employ compensating leverage by shifting the line of draft laterally and relatively to the draft-bar or its equivalent at the point where the draft-bar engages with the ordinary drawing devices used in such machines of a similar kind, thereby overcoming to a large extent this objectionable feature beforelnentioned. All other machines have a pivotal hitch without any such shift, thereby fixing their line of draft relative to their draft-bar at a given or fixed point,which line of draft exerts no influence over their draftbar, and thereby to the scraper-blade.

Having described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a road-scraper, the combination, with the front and rear trucks and a clevis loosely connected to the fronttruck, of adraft-bar pivoted at its rear end to the rear truck, a toothed curved bar located at the front end of the draft-bar and adapted for removable engagement with the clevis, and a scraper-blade connected with the draft-bar, substantially as specified.

2. In a road-scraper, the combination, with the draft-bar bifurcated at its front end, a-

transversely-disposed andtoothed connectingbar, diverging ways or guide-rods located under the bifurcations of the draft-bar, front and rear trucks, to the latter of which t-he bar is pivoted, and a clevis mounted in the front truck and loosely engaging the teeth of the transverse bar, of a bracket depending from the draft-bar, a scraper-blade pivoted to the bar, and a pair ofopposite draft-arms pivoted to the scraper-blade at opposite sides of its center and terminating at their front ends in eyes for loosely riding upon the guide-rods, substantially as specified.

3. In a road-scraper, the combination, with the framework comprising opposite ways and the scraping-blade, of a peripherally-toothed wheel. mounted above each way, a shaft for the same, a bearing mounted for reciprocation upon the way and receiving the shaft, a bar connected to the end of the blade, acrankarm mounted on the shaft and fulcrumed to the bar,fmeans for locking the wheel at any point of its rotation, and a lever loosely fulcrumed at the side of the wheel and having the shoulder adapted to be thrown into engagement with the teeth of the wheel, substantially as specified.

4. In a road-scraper, the combination, with the framework and the scraping-blade, of a shaft loosely j ournaled above the blade, a peripherallyvtoothed and annularly grooved locking-wheel mounted on the shaft, a friction-band embracing the groove of the shaft, a bifurcated lever embracing the wheel and having loops formed in its bifurcations for loosely receiving the shaft and above said loops provided with shoulders for engaging the teeth of the wheel, a crank-arm mounted on the shaft, and a connecting-bar pivoted to the crank-arm and blade, substantially as specified.

5. In a road-scraper, the combination, with the framework comprisinCr the opposite parallel ways, the scraper-blade, and the plates mounted for reciprocation upon the ways and having their edges embracing the same and provided with transversely-opposite bearings, of shafts mounted in the bearings and terminating outside of the same in squared portions, an arm mounted upon the squared portion of each shaft, a bar pivoted to the free end of each arm, connections between the bars and blade, a wheel mounted on each shaft and provided with peripheral notches and a central annular groove, a U-shaped friction-band mounted in the groove and having its terminals passed through perforations vin the plates and there provided with bindingnuts,andthelocking-levers, one foreach wheel, each lever being bifurcated at its lower end and having its bifurcations provided with loops loosely receiving the shaft at opposite sides of the wheel and provided above the loops with shoulders for engaging the notches of the wheel, substantially as specified.

6. In a road-scraper, the combination, with a bolster having a bearing along its under edge, of a pair of axle-sections mounted at opposite ends of the bearing and carrying ground-wheels and binding-screws mounted in the bearings and bearing on the axle, substantially as specilied.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES M. HOLLAND.

Witnesses:

C. M. SNYDER, R. W. BUCHANAN.

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